Project Brickyard
Project Brickyard evaluates conversion of the existing Bitcoin operation served by HES’s Holland Substation to AI computing.
at the existing operation
Hopkinsville, Kentucky
We run a Bitcoin site in Hopkinsville today. We are studying its conversion to AI computing, called Project Brickyard. We also propose a separate 50 MW site, called Project Truckstop.
Start with the two projectsPROPOSED 50 MW SITE
Four early concepts for Project Truckstop, the separate 50 MW proposal. Choose a view to compare the layouts.
AI-generated concepts. Final design and approvals remain pending.
Explore the concepts01 / The projects
Project Brickyard explores an AI conversion at the existing operation. Project Truckstop is a separate proposed 50 MW site.
Project Brickyard evaluates conversion of the existing Bitcoin operation served by HES’s Holland Substation to AI computing.
Project Truckstop is a proposed separate Hopkinsville site. A September 30 power agreement sets out service from a new HES substation. Construction and delivery remain conditional.
15 MW CONVERSION STUDY
A modular concept for Project Brickyard. This conversion study is separate from Project Truckstop above.
AI-generated concept. Land arrangements, equipment placement and approvals remain to be confirmed.
What does MW mean? A megawatt measures power. It does not tell you a building’s size, water use, noise, or staffing.
Read the public project announcement ↗The proposed AI facilities would house computers that run software, including AI services. Power, cooling and network connections support that work. AI computing differs from Bitcoin mining. Neither proposal is a completed AI facility.
02 / AI work
At the September 28 hearing, Tom explained the distinction. Our intended AI direction includes inference, but we have not announced a tenant or final workload.
Training teaches an AI model from data. The largest models can need large computer clusters for long runs. Those campuses are one type of data center.
Inference runs a trained model to answer a question or complete a task, such as translation. Our proposed AI facilities could support this kind of work.
03 / Cooling and water
Computers release heat. A cooling system must move that heat out of the building. The method for releasing heat changes how much water a site consumes.
A closed loop reuses cooling fluid. If the site releases heat to outdoor air without evaporation, routine cooling water use can be low. Dry heat rejection can use more electricity.
Some systems release heat by evaporating water. This can save electricity, but the site must replace the water that evaporates. A closed internal loop can still connect to an evaporative cooling tower.
Project Brickyard's preliminary estimate assumes a low-water cooling approach. Its final equipment and water budget need engineering and HWEA review. Project Truckstop has no confirmed water budget.
HWEA / JULY 27 PUBLIC HEARING
“Not all data centers are created equally.”
HWEA General Manager Melissa Spurr made this point while discussing large differences in water demand and closed-loop cooling. She asked HWEA to review each project's cooling, discharge, fire flow and infrastructure before any capacity commitment. Her statement does not approve either project.
04 / For Hopkinsville
Our existing site buys power from Hopkinsville Electric. A signed agreement calls for a new HES substation of at least 65 MW for Project Truckstop. Our project company must prepay its actual construction costs. New AI facilities could add local tax revenue if built.
POTENTIAL LOCAL TAX BASE
Enter an assessed value for land, buildings and equipment. Our Hopkinsville calculator uses published city, school, county and district rates. It shows each recipient's share. We have no certified project tax figure.
Open the Hopkinsville tax calculator ↗See the company $/MW calculator ↗SIGNED AGREEMENT, WORK PENDING
On September 30, our project company and HES signed a 50 MW power agreement. HES would build and own a substation of at least 65 MW. We must prepay its actual costs as HES makes commitments. The agreement assigns that construction cost to us, not other HES ratepayers. HES may use about 15 MW for other customers. Our September 8 estimate of $8 million to $10 million is not a fixed price. Permits and delivery remain open.
Earlier company proposal, September 8 ↗PRIORITY UNDER DEVELOPMENT
We want to connect with local trades, suppliers and educators. Construction work and permanent jobs are different. Staffing plans and training arrangements are not yet confirmed.
Introduce your business or program ↗Tell us about a local need, a training idea, or an opportunity for your business.
05 / Explore the plans
Different designs can support AI computing. These concepts help explain building form, equipment areas and landscaping. No option shown here is a final selection.
A building-based approach with computing equipment inside. The concept shows landscaping and separate areas for cooling, batteries and electrical equipment.
AI-generated illustration. Appearance and equipment placement can change.
A modular approach groups purpose-built computing units with cooling and power equipment. Foundations, screening and the final site layout require engineering and review.
AI-generated illustration. This is an alternative concept, not an additional project.
Project Brickyard explores an AI conversion at the existing location. Project Truckstop is the separate proposed 50 MW site.
AI-generated illustration. Boundaries, land arrangements and layout require confirmation.
These early concepts predate the latest zoning review. They do not establish compliance, exact setbacks, property rights, or approved construction plans.
06 / Your questions
These topics come from public meetings, local coverage and community feedback. We’ll update the answers as the plans develop.
Ask something elseReviewed October 4, 2026
No. Project Truckstop is the proposed 50 MW facility at a separate location. Project Brickyard studies conversion of the existing operation, served by Holland Substation, with approximately 15 MW under contract.
Compare the two projects ↑Our preliminary plan for Project Brickyard’s proposed 15 MW AI conversion uses a closed cooling loop and low-water heat rejection. At the September 28 hearing, we gave an estimate below 100,000 gallons a year. That averages below 274 gallons a day, about one U.S. household’s daily use. This is an estimate, not a measured limit.
A closed internal loop can still connect to an evaporative cooling tower. That choice would consume water. Our low-water approach favors dry heat rejection, which can use more electricity. The final equipment and water budget need engineering and HWEA review. HWEA has not confirmed available capacity for this project. The estimate does not describe today’s Bitcoin site or Project Truckstop.
Compare cooling methods ↑Read the hearing coverage ↗EPA household water comparison ↗Water and energy tradeoff ↗Yes, some neighbors hear the Bitcoin site today. Its cooling fans can carry sound beyond the site. Hopkinsville already has a noise ordinance with day and night limits for industrial areas. We comply with the current ordinance and will continue to do so. The ordinance measures sound at the receiving property's boundary. It also prohibits noise disturbances below the numeric limits.
The proposed AI conversion would move heat through a closed liquid loop. It would still need equipment to release that heat, and some equipment may use outdoor fans. We expect a quieter design, but measurements must prove it.
Our proposed plan is an independent sound study with day and night readings at affected property boundaries near homes and churches. We would publish the results, seek written project limits, and correct sound that exceeds those limits. The study, project limits and correction process are proposals, not adopted conditions yet.
Read Hopkinsville's sound limits ↗Read the noise disturbance rule ↗Report a noise concern ↗We cannot promise what your bill will be. TVA sets wholesale power terms. HES sets local customer rates, subject to TVA approval. HES publishes its residential rates.
TVA put separate data center rates into effect on October 1. Its rules also include a capacity commitment charge for certain new load. The charge for our projects has not been confirmed. Our September 30 agreement assigns the new substation’s actual construction cost to our project company. HES must receive our deposits before it makes matching commitments. None of this fixes future household rates.
How HES rates work ↗We support data centers in industrial zones under clear rules. Our existing Bitcoin site has operated in Hopkinsville for about three years. As we said in July, no documented complaint had been brought directly to us at that time. Residents have since raised noise and water concerns in public. We take those concerns seriously and want measured answers.
Hopkinsville's current noise ordinance applies today, and we comply with it. Final setbacks and buffers for new facilities depend on adopted rules and reviewed plans. The illustrations do not establish those distances. We support measurable standards for noise, water, lighting and cleanup.
Read the current sound limits ↗Follow the planning process through CDS ↗At the August 20 city Committee of the Whole meeting, HWEA General Manager Melissa Spurr reported recent water testing. She said the water had not been harmed by the existing data center. The city minutes do not include the test results. Her report describes the conditions tested at that time.
We support more testing at agreed locations and will cooperate with HWEA and state officials. The proposed AI conversion would use a closed cooling loop. That plan does not replace testing of current conditions.
City meeting record ↗Share a water concern ↗Existing Bitcoin site: It operates today. We have no open local roles to announce here.
Project Brickyard: An AI conversion would need design, installation and startup work. We want qualified local electricians, plumbers, HVAC contractors and technicians to bid on work that fits their skills.
Project Truckstop: A separate new facility would need construction work if approved and built. A conventional building could create opportunities for local construction trades. A modular design is also under study. We estimate construction could start in 2027 or 2028, subject to design, permits, utility work and approval. Permanent operating roles would follow. We have no confirmed job count or contract awards.
Email us about local work ↗The city’s occupational license tax applies to eligible business profits and local wages. HES receives revenue from power sales. Kentucky collects sales tax on commercial electricity. That state sales tax is not city revenue.
If the AI projects are built, taxable land, buildings and equipment could add property tax for the city, county and schools. The amounts depend on what is built, who owns the equipment, any exemptions and official assessments. We are not claiming a fixed annual payment.
We are open to working with local leaders on a community benefit fund. No fund amount, source or terms have been agreed.
City business tax rules ↗Kentucky property tax rules ↗HES commercial electricity tax explanation ↗We support a removal plan and financial security for cleanup. The proposed ordinance includes decommissioning requirements.
A support statement is different from a posted bond or an executed agreement. The final requirements must identify who is responsible, what is secured and how the city can enforce them.
Read the September 21 draft rules (PDF) ↗No. The hearing concerned proposed city zoning rules. Kentucky New Era reported that the Planning Commission returned the draft to Plan Review without a recommendation.
The projects still need design work and relevant approvals. A future meeting date should come from an official notice.
Read the hearing report ↗07 / Keep up with the process
Read the project updates alongside local reporting and the official planning process.
Our project company and HES signed a 50 MW power agreement on September 30. It sets out a new HES substation of at least 65 MW, funded by our project company as HES makes commitments. Permits, construction and service delivery remain open.
See what the agreement covers ↗The September 28 discussion raised water use, noise, utility bills and distance from nearby homes. Some residents requested a pause.
The draft ordinance returned to Plan Review, according to Kentucky New Era. No project approval resulted from the hearing.
Read residents’ questions in local coverage ↗The community hearing addressed the city’s proposed data-center rules. Check CDS for current documents, agendas and notices before planning to attend.
Official CDS information ↗The public announcement describes the existing-site conversion study and the separate proposed facility, including the substation offer.
Read the company announcement ↗LOCAL COVERAGE
Independent reporting on the proposals and city zoning review. Read the full articles at each publisher's site.
08 / Other communities
These places have operating data centers. Their public records show specific results and open questions. Local taxes, utility terms and project designs differ from Hopkinsville.
Washington's Department of Revenue workgroup found that six of Grant County's seven highest-assessed data center taxpayers were in Quincy. It reported that Quincy's city levy rate fell from $3.12 per $1,000 of assessed value in 2006 to $0.87788 in 2025. The workgroup attributed much of that change to added data center value.
A lower levy rate does not show what any one household paid. Washington's tax system and incentives differ from Kentucky's.
Read the state workgroup findings ↗At a Sandersville council meeting, development authority officials said CleanSpark was already Washington County's largest property taxpayer. They reported city franchise taxes of $2.1 million in 2023 and more than $5 million in 2025 as power sales grew.
The officials also described incentives for the proposed expansion. Their AI conversion and future jobs were plans at that meeting, not completed results.
Watch the council meeting ↗In 2021, Huntsville said Meta had hired 75 people at its existing campus. The city said Meta would fund $2.5 million of a $2.8 million sewer extension for an approved expansion.
The same report projected $8 million to $10 million a year for schools when that expansion was complete. That figure was a forecast in 2021, not a measured result.
Read the city's report ↗MORE STORIES TO CHECK
The Innovation Council's Quincy video and these two X accounts collect community stories. They are advocacy sources. Verify a figure against local records before relying on it.
09 / The company
DarkHorse Technologies Inc. is a Nasdaq-listed company (DRK) that operates power and data center sites. We are studying AI uses for selected sites, including Hopkinsville. We want neighbors to know who is responsible for the work.
Our Bitcoin site has operated here for about three years. Project Brickyard is the proposed AI conversion of that existing site.
Sphere 3D and Cathedra combined. The company brought Cathedra’s power and data center operations into a public company.
The company became DarkHorse Technologies Inc. on September 16. Its shares began trading on Nasdaq as DRK on September 17.
PEOPLE BEHIND THE WORK
Joel leads the company. Tom works on power and site development and is the Hopkinsville project contact.
Chief Executive Officer
Joel brings more than 20 years of experience in operations, sales, capital markets and finance. He previously served as CFO of US Bitcoin Corp. and CEO of Collegewise.
Head of Strategy
Tom co-founded Great American Mining, which Crusoe Energy acquired in 2022. His work focuses on power capacity and infrastructure development.
10 / Stay in the conversation
Have a question about the plans? A concern about your neighborhood? An idea for local work or training? Send us a note.
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